CORROBORATION AND NON-CONSENT, WORK IN NIGERIA LAW OF RAPE
in LAW PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS on October 25, 2020CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The ubiquitous attribute of the offence of rape and its accompanying shortcomings are not in doubt. This may account for the reason why a sizeable amount of juristic ink has gone down the drain in an attempt to do justice to its ambit over the years. To ground conviction, the law requires that penetration must be proved; that the prosecutrix must not have consented; and lastly, that her story must be ably and independently corroborated[1]. On corroboration, the debate more often than not has always centered on whether its requirement in some sexual offences should be retained or expunged, and more importantly whether there is any legal justification for requiring it in rape cases where corroboration requirement has merely been a matter of practice. While there is no much problem in determining what amounts to penetration in law theoretically, the determination of whether there has been penetration in actual fact is not an easy task. The issue of consent is also as problematic as the issue of corroboration and the major problem here is the way and manner Nigerian courts interpret the requirement of non-consent.
Against the above backdrop, this paper considers the appropriateness or otherwise of the requirements of penetration, non-consent and corroboration in rape trials, and concludes, inter alia, that the requirement of corroboration, as it currently exists in its rigid form, is a surplus age which should be excised from Nigerian statute books; that the Nigerian courts employ double standard in the interpretation of the requirement of non-consent by expecting victims of rape to put up utmost resistance against their assailants as if they had the physical strength to so do; and that the Nigerian laws on rape are long overdue for total overhaul.
To remedy these anomalies, the paper makes far-reaching recommendations aimed at filling the age-long neglected lacunae in the Nigerian laws on rape.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
Rape is a crime notable for placing the woman on trial particularly for cultural reasons. She is either charged as a false accuser, gold digger, frivolous, or a scorned woman. These stereotypes prevail, and sometimes, women are their worst accusers. Ndinda, C. (2006) highlightsthis plight thus: “Indeed, it is a sad indictment of our society that women can come out in public and contemptuously intimidate a fellow woman traumatized by rape, while singing praises in support of the alleged perpetrator”. The law’s casual treatment of rape cases is the subject of Estrich’s (1987) pioneering work in which she details America’s attitudes towards sex and rape, a crime of violence (not sex) that should be brought into the public sphere, and dealt with in the courts. Estrich (1987) concludes that over the centuries, not much has changed regarding rape laws. Perpetrators still get away with impunity, and men still fear they will be blamed for victimizing women. Ironically, this is the same reason for the culture of silence among women victims of rape. Dealing with this becomes problematic as victim blaming in cases of rape and domestic violence is often used as an excuse by authority figures and males in general to avoid being punished. Political and economic conditions in Nigeria, as well as social norms support stereotypical divisions between men and women.
Poorly defined criminal laws and weak law enforcement also create an environment where rape is committed with impunity (Amnesty International 2006). This inadequacy of the law in solving these problems have seen women advocates trying to prevent future Violence Against Women (VAW) by educating the public, ensuring that quality services are provided to victims, and, encourage accountability and perpetrators brought to justice. The researcher focus on the problems of the rape and different provisions made so as to solve existing problems and forestall future ones, the lapses of such provisions made and suggestions on what can be done to rectify such lapses. The reason for venturing into this topic is based on personal interest in the concept “penetration, corroboration and non-consent” and the desire to shed more light on it by analyzing it critically. This work is therefore based on the analysis of penetration, corroboration and non-consent under the Nigerian law of rape. The statements of problems are as follows; what does penetration, corroboration and non-consent entails? What weight does penetration, corroboration and non-consent have in our court system? How does penetration, corroboration and non-consent work in Nigeria law of rape?
