ACTIVATED CARBON AND WASTE TYRES

ABSTRACT
This project was conducted by the use of activated carbon and waste tyres. The activated carbons produced from tyres rubber. It could have a commercial value in the water (H20) purification (dissolved organic and toxic compounds dechlorization, dye removal, swimming pools., air purification (volatile inorganic and organic reomoval of solvent recovery gas desulfurization. The comparism of different disposal available such as cryogenic, purification, thermal destruction technologies (incineration with energy recovery), pyrolysis. The material used for the production it waste tyres are potassium hydroxide, carbond-oxide gas, steam, phosphoric acid, Zinc chloride, methylene blue and phenol

WASTE TYRE AND PROBLEM DISPOSAL
The automobile has become an indispensable means of transportation for many households throughout the world. Thus the disposal of vehicle tyres represents a major environmental issue throughout the world globally more than 330 million tyres are discarded every year and accumulated over the years in different countries (cunliffe and Williams, 1999). In Malazia an estimated 150,000 tones of waste tyres per year are dumped mostly in an illegal process, the disposal and reprocessing tyres are difficult since, they contain complex misture of different materials such as rubber carbon black, steel cord, and other organic and inorganic minor components (Rodriguez et, al. 2001).

There are major respect of tyres problems such as tyres stockpiles provide breeding ground for mosquitoes and vermin, this in turn, causing serious disease and affecting human health five hazards in large stockpiles could sonsequently cause uncontrollable burning and air pollution where it will be emitting large amounts of thick black smoke and noxious gases including coucinogens other than that the current “conservation of natural resources concept” i.e the reuse (retreat) first the rubber prior disposal, does not accommodate the ever increased dumping of tyres. In fact due to the high cost of lengal disposal for tyres illegal dumping may increase the disposal of tyres is also becoming more expensive while this trend is likely to continue as land fill spale become smore scarcer (mui et al. 2004)

Several have been made to reduce the number of waste tyres for example by using them as a dock bumper playground equipment, artificial reefs and others, other than that, Jang et al (1998) also reported the used of discarded tyres as highway cash barrier which was studied in the late 1970s by the texas transportation institute. How ever no widespread used o tyres in this application has occurred therefore from environmental and economical points of view a much better solution is to covert such waste tyres into valuable products (Ariyadej Wanich et al, 2003).

A possible solution to overcome tyres problems would be recycling theis cheap and plentiful resources as raw materials in alternative processes in generals recycling is the economic reuse of materials from waste like tyres to obtained improved products and energy their high volatile carbon contents and higher heating value make them excellent material for energy recovery with the appropriate technology (Gonsalez et al, 2001). Pyrolysis incineration and gasification processes are considered to be more attractive and practical methods for recovering energy ad by products such as carbon black activated carbon and etc. from waste tyres.

Recently much effort has been deveted to the thermal degradation of tyres ito gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and solid chain residue all of which have the potential to be orocessed into valuable products the resulting hydrocarbons from thermal treatment can be used directly as fuel or added to petroleum refinery feedstocks, as for solid residue the char can be used either as low-grade reinforcing filler or as activated carbon. However reprocessing of the char from pyrolysis way to convert this material into valuable product.

The activated carbons produced from tyres rubber could have commercial value in the (a) water purification (dissolved organics and toxic compounds dechlorization, dye removal, swimming pools etc. air purification (volatile inorganic and organic removal solvent recovery gas desulfurization etc.
Special application such as batteries fule cells nuclear power station, and (d) other such as cigarette filters and food industry (Zabaniotou and Stavropouslos, 2003)
Thus, the production of activated carbon adsorbents from waste tyre ruber can provide a two fold envriomental and economic benefit. A recycling path is created for waste vehicales tyres and new adsorbents are produced for commercial use in waste water treatment.